Should Gays Marry? :: Gay Marriages Homosexuality Essays

Should Gays Marry? The essays by William Bennett and Andrew Sullivan are just the tip of the iceberg in the debate over homosexual marriage. This debate has been going on for years, with many solidly supported opinions on the topic. Both authors provide strong points and well written essays, and include some similar ideas, even though the message of each essay is contradictory to the other. Andrew Sullivan’s essay, â€Å"Let Gays Marry,† is about how gays and lesbians have long been alienated from their basic rights as American citizens. He argues that allowing gays to marry will not drastically change the description of marriage as we know it, but will simply entitle same sex partners to devote themselves to each other, and declare their love for each other. The Supreme Court made an influential ruling that â€Å"’a state cannot deem a class of persons a stranger to its laws.’†(25) Sullivan argues that that is just what America has been doing by not legally recognizing domestic partners of the same sex. He claims that â€Å"at some point in our lives, some of us are lucky enough to meet the person we truly love,† (25) gays included. Sullivan recognizes that many religious organizations are against homosexuality, but this country has a separation of church and state that makes that argument arbitrary in terms of legality. He points out that the government gives out civil marriage licenses, and gays should not be left out of that. Sullivan also states that the definition of marriage has been changed in the past. Women are no longer the property of their husbands, and interracial marriages are no longer taboo. He argues that allowing gays to marry would simply be another revision for the better, not a radical change in the institution. Sullivan brings up the argument that marriage is for raising children, but many married couples have none. He lists as examples such people as the Doles and the Buchanans; two very conservative families. The article by William Bennett, â€Å"Leave Marriage Alone,† is about how marriage is a sacred tradition. He believes that if you broaden the definition to include gays, that act will totally alter the purpose and meaning of marriage.

Asahi Breweries

Assignment 2 Asahi Breweries Case Analysis Anonymous Student #2 Professor John Stockmyer MKT517 WEB/Tuesdays 7:00-9:30 Asahi Breweries (Dry Beer Implementation) Introduction Asahi Breweries, Ltd. has been in the Japanese beer market since its inception in 1949 where it originated through the post-war breakup of beer conglomerate Dai Nippon, which at the time had a 75% market share. The only other existing Japanese beer company prior to the post-war era was Kirin, holding the remaining 25% market share. Asahi is one of four main beer manufacturers along with its competitors; Kirin, Sapporo and Suntory companies.Kirin, being the oldest and largest company of beer producers has historically been the leader in production, sales, and market share at ~ 60%; primarily through its experience enabling the company to identify market trends and develop expansive distribution centers. The Asahi, Sapporo, and Suntory companies have generally remained competitive for the remaining 40% market share . Traditionally, lager beer as been the choice of Japanese beer drinkers and Kirin has capitalized on that tradition for decades by producing lager as its primary beer product.However, by the early 1980’s consumer tastes began to change and they desired more variety in beer choices. To meet the demand, the three smaller companies developed and marketed their own brands of draft beer which in turn enabled the market share for that specific product segment to even out. Karin reluctantly followed while maintaining its position that lager was still the beer of choice. In order to differentiate itself from its competitors and create a niche for itself, Asahi has created a new â€Å"dry beer† to offer consumers hoping to capitalize on the changing tastes of beer drinkers.Asahi’s president, Hirotaro Higuchi, has decided to invest in the implementation of the new product. The decision must be analyzed whether to support the investment in the strategic development, produ ction, and marketing of Asahi’s new dry beer. Asahi’s Recent Strategies Asahi prides itself on its long history of beer production with continued quality and social commitment to its customers, employee relationships, business partners, stockholders, and local communities.Until 1982 change was almost nonexistent as the company continued to operate in the traditional modus of producing lager beer and was on the verge of becoming extinct in the market due to declining sales, forced early retirements, and low morale. At that time, Tsutomu Murai became the president bringing a new horizontal communication philosophy to the company. He implemented cross functional teams to improve the company’s image both internally and externally as well as improve quality within the organization. It was determined from research that consumer beer taste was changing and Asahi needed to respond.Risking backlash from traditionalists, the Asahi trademark was changed in parallel with th e release of the new Asahi Draft product, demonstrating management’s ability to identify and the willingness to respond to the changing market environment. This gave the company’s morale a sustained boost, but a short lived increase in market share and soon it declined. In 1986, Hirotaro Higuchi became the new president with a top down management philosophy and very hands on style decision making with the sole mission to increase profit.Riding the wave of the new draft beer product release and improved organizational functionality, Higuchi was willing to spend money to ensure the new product was a success and he implemented three drastic policy changes at the risk of erasing the company’s 1985 net profit margin of 1. 4 billion yen: †¢ Remove all old products from circulation at a loss to show commitment to the new product. †¢ Change raw material (malt) suppliers to German suppliers to improve quality at increased expense. †¢ Spend as much money on advertising and promotion until operating profit equaled zero.As quality improved and the advertising and promotional blitz increased, distributors realized Asahi was serious a contender and retailers started to push the draft product resulting in a 9. 7% increase in sales from the previous year. With the direction of its strong leadership and strategic vision, Asahi’s management and workers were willing to follow and implement change by going against conventional wisdom and positioning the company in 1987 with an overall market share of 12% and projected increase of 23% through 1990.Included in this projection, was the latest Asahi product development, â€Å"Super Dry† beer, which at first, Higuchi was reluctant to introduce into the market so soon after the release of Asahi Draft, but after tasting the product himself he decided to market the product resulting in a 33% sales increase in 1987. Higuchi now proposes an investment plan to increase brewing and packaging capacity by 30% at a cost of 230 billion yen over two years, 1989 -1990. DemographicsLager beer has traditionally been the product of choice for most of the pre and post WWII era consumers, mainly competitor Kirin’s customer base, but that segment has diminished resulting in a younger generation of beer drinkers preferring a variety of products including draft and dry beers. This has been proven through consumer research and taste tasting trials. It should not to be presumed that lager beer is obsolete has demonstrated by Kirin’s dominance of that market segment from the 1988 average monthly market share data of 42. 2%.This does suggest, however, that Asahi has an opportunity to compound on the market trend and gain market share in the new dry beer segment and younger demographic by creating a dry beer niche for itself, as demonstrated by the same data indicating Asahi with a 15. 4% average monthly dry beer market share versus Kirin, the closest competitor at 8. 0%. It should be noted that in January of that year, Asahi’s total beer market share was 11. 2 % and by November it had risen to 20. 5%; a 9. 3 % upward trend. Kirin’s market share decreased by 9. 8% during that same period. CompetitionAs stated in the introduction, Asahi has three competitors in the beer market, Karin, Sapporo, and Suntory: Kirin: One of the oldest, largest, and most diversified companies with an extensive distribution network. Strength in the beer market is lager beer, of which it holds a dominate market share. Still believes that lager is the Japanese beer of choice. Slow to respond to the trend of recent changing consumer preferences and promotes the stance that dry beer is a passing fad. Eventually Kirin released its own dry brand and its moderate success is due to the company’s size.Sapporo: Formed at the same time as Asahi after the dissection of Dai Nippon post WWII. Strength in the beer market is draft beer of which it leads in market share. Sapporo is probably Asahi’s closest competitor for total market share at 18. 8 %. Eventually followed suit and released a dry beer to compete, although lagging in the market. Suntory: Focuses on draft and malt beer products, of which malt seems to be declining as indicated by 0. 7 % market share. Suntory released a dry beer as well with minimal success. At this time the company ranks last in the beer market with a 5. 5 % market share.Legal/Political Factors †¢ All three competitors released dry products without product or packaging differentiation in hopes of capturing a percentage of the dry beer market and boosting sales. Asahi has challenged with intellectual property rights and the media attention has benefitted Asahi as the original dry beer creator and producer. This will help to secure Asahi has the leader in the dry beer market segment. †¢ The Japanese government monitors industries for potential monopolies, therefore Kirin cannot petition for increased mark et share at the risk of being divided into smaller companies. A new license is required to open new production plants. The Ministry of Finance regulates licenses and may restrict them where there is a potential for industry excess capacity. This will not be a factor has the competitors production will eventually decrease as Asahi’s production increases to match sales demand as indicted by market share trends. †¢ Distributors and retailers are required to have licenses and new licenses are limited. This affects all companies. †¢ The retail price of beer and liquor tax is also regulated by the Ministry of Finance.This affects all companies as well. Social Environment The Japanese beer consumer has been, for the most part, conservative when it comes to change. This is reflected in the lager beer market share data and the fact that it has taken ~ 30 years to introduce and accept a draft beer into the market. However, as the market has become global and consumers have be en exposed to more options and variety, their tastes and preferences have changed more rapidly as indicated from recent consumer research and taste trials.This change in consumer attitude will benefit the company that offers new and innovative products to the beer market such as Asahi dry beer. Economics/Financials Currently, Asahi’s relevant financials ratios are as follows: |Ratio |Calculation |1987 Total |1988 Estimate |1989 Projected |1990 Projected |Scale | |Operating Profit |Sales – COGS/Sales |3. 5 |14. 0 |16. 0 |20. |billion yen | |Net Profit |Profits after Taxes/Sales |2. 5 |4. 8 |6. 0 |7. 0 |billion yen | |Current Ratio |Current Assets/Current Liabilities |1. 6 |NA |NA |NA |ratio | |Working Capital |Current Assets-Current Liabilities |103553 |NA |NA |NA |million yen | |Debt to Assets |Total Debt/Total Assets |1. |NA |NA |NA |ratio | |Long-term Debt to |Long-term Debt/Total Stockholders' |0. 3 |NA |NA |NA |ratio | |Equity |Equity | | | | | |At first glance, th e proposed investments of 230 billion yen to increase capacity overwhelms the projected operating and net profits, although the projections of these are trending positive and are good indicators of a sound company. The current and capital ratios indicate that Asahi has the ability to pay its current liabilities by using assets and finance inventory expansion and operations without having to barrow. However, the leverage ratios are stronger indicators of Asahi being able to take on additional debt.The debt to assets ratio reveals that the company has not abused debt to finance operations, and the long-term debt to equity ratio indicates Asahi has the capacity to barrow additional funds when needed. Asahi’s Finance Director, Hiroshi Okada supports the data by stating that Asahi has undervalued assets worth approximately 700 billion yen and increased stock prices which secured an additional 100 billion yen enabling the company to invest with equity thereby reducing the investmen t risk such as excess inventory, excess capacity or chance of bankruptcy.Technology Technology has enabled Asahi to package and advertise its product in novel ways to capture consumer’s attention along with the great test of the dry beer product. It is unknown from the analysis if technology would help with the increase of production and capacity, although it is reasonable to assume that technological advances would help with construction, manufacturing, and distribution infrastructures through the use of computers and automation. RecommendationIn review of the analysis I recommend the proposed investment to increase capacity. Asahi’s management has proven it makes the right strategic decisions when faced with adversity while regarding the potential risks involved. The Japanese beer market environment is ripe for a new product as evidenced by the changing demographics and social environment. The competition is lagging in response to offering an alternative to beer cons umers’ desire for product variety and the legal and political policies do not constrain Asahi relative to its competitors.Ultimately, Asahi’s economic and financial position is found to be in agreement with absorbing additional debt to expand capacity. Combine the actual and projected upward trend in sales and market share, and the potential for a positive return is increased even further, whereas the risk factor for investment loss is reduced. What will be the likely competitive reaction, and how serious is the threat? Nice analysis. Overall Score: 98/100

Essay about Exploring Schizophrenia - 4194 Words

Exploring Schizophrenia Schizophrenia is a cruel disease. The lives of those affected are often chronicles of constricted experiences, muted emotions, missed opportunities, unfulfilled expectations. It leads to a twilight existence, a twentieth-century underground man...It is in fact the single biggest blemish on the face of contemporary American medicine and social services; when the social history of our era is written, the plight of persons with schizophrenia will be recorded as having been a national scandal. E. Fuller Torrey, M.D., Surviving Schizophrenia I personally dont know anyone with schizophrenia, or at least I dont think I do. Perhaps I dont realize that my neighbor is walking through life with a secret, like†¦show more content†¦Ignorance and fear of the unknown lead to oppression. Often forced to the fringes of society in terms of socioeconomic status, medical treatment and insurance coverage, those with schizophrenia have historically been oppressed and continue to be. Many feel very much alone, labeled by society as crazy, dangerous, or violent. As a whole, they are misunderstood. Thus it is time for an aggressive research campaign to be mounted against the ignorance that has surrounded schizophrenia (Keefe xii). My focus, then, is to shed light on schizophrenia through an exploration of the possible causes and treatments of the disorder, in an effort to reduce harmful stereotypes and prejudices as well as wrestle with how perceptions of mental functions and capabilities relate to personhood and spirituality. Schizophrenia is a common neurobiological disorder, striking approximately 1–2% of the worlds population, with the average age of onset between 21 and 27 years (Keefe 2). The term schizophrenia refers to an individual split off from the environment, not to be confused with the splitting of an individuals personality into parts (as with multiple or split personality disorder). 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Though it is a treatable but it affects person’s ability in to reality. There are many factors which affect the schizophrenia like biological factors, psychological factors, sociocultural factors. Among them in biological factors, age and sex highly affected to Schizophrenia. The psychologicalRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Schizophrenia980 Words   |  4 PagesSchizophrenia is a severe brain disorder that disrupts the normal balance of thinking and emotions; thus, sufferers decode reality abnormally. Schizophrenia can result in an amalgamation of delusions, hallucinations (visual or auditory), disordered thinking, chaotic speech, and behavior (Mayo Clinic, 2014). Schizophrenia â€Å"has the highest disability rating (0.53) of all mental illnesses among adults† (Eaton, 2012, p. 19), and as a chronic disorder requires lifetime treatment. The latter serves asRead MoreClinical And Clinical Research Project1344 Words   |  6 Pagescognitive deficits associated with schizophrenia. As the clinical symptoms of this disorder emerge during early adulthood, abnormal developmental processes are thought to contribute to the pathos-physiology of the disorder. It was discovered the the DA intervention of the prefrontal cortex undergoes significant change up until adulthood which leads to Finlay’s hypothesis that the abnormal development of this system may be related to the emergence of schizophrenia. Experimental and clinical research